MAUMIVU YA KICHWA

MAUMIVU YA KICHWA

Maumivu ya kichwa hutokea watu wengi sana wa umri wote. Ni dalili inayopelekea watu wengi kwenda hospitali kwa ajili ya matibabu. Kuna sababu nyingi zinazosababisha maumivu ya kichwa. Nyingi zikiwa zisizohatarisha maisha ya mtu, na baadhi zikiwa hatari kwa uhai wa mtu. Maumivu ya kichwa yanaweza kuwa ya kuanza mara moja ghafla (acute headache) au maumivu ya muda mrefu yanayokuja na kuacha (chronic headache).

Dalili ambazo zinaweza kuambatana na maumivu ya kichwa ni homa, kutapika, kizunguzungu, moyo kwenda mbio, kupoteza fahamu, kutoona vizuri, kupata degedege na nyingine.

Kwa kawaida unapopata maumivu ya kichwa onana na daktari wako kwa matibabu. Ikiwa maumivu ya kichwa yanaambatana na dalili zifuatazo basi wahi haraka sana hospitali iliyo karibu na wewe. Kuona vitu viwili viwili au giza, kupata degedege (convulsions), kupoteza fahamu, kutapika sana na moyo kwenda mbio.

Sababu za Maumivu ya Kichwa

 

• Malaria
• Ajali ya kichwa
• Matatizo ya macho
• Damu kuvuja kwenye ubongo
• Shinikizo la damu la kupanda
• Uvimbe kwenye ubongo
• Upungufu wa damu
• Upungufu wa maji mwilini
• Kifafa

Magonjwa ya kuambukiza kama;
• Malaria
• Homa ya uti wa mgongo
• Homa ya tumbo
• Ugonjwa wa toxoplasmosis

Vipimo

 

Vipimo vinavyofanyika kutokana na maumivu ya kichwa hutegemea na chanzo chake. Vipimo hivi husaidia kugundua chanzo cha maumivu ya kichwa ili yatibiwe. Baadhi ya vipimo vifuatavyo vinaweza kufanyika.

Kipimo cha damu cha malaria au homa ya tumbo (typhoid)Wingi wa damu (haemoglobin concentration)Kipimo cha maji ya mgongo (Lumbar puncture)X-ray ya kichwaCT Scan ya kichwaMRI ya kichwa

Matibabu

 

Maumivu ya kichwa hutibiwa na kuisha pale ambapo chanzo chake kimejulikana na kudhibitiwa. Pale ambapo chanzo hakijajulikana, dawa za kutuliza maumivu hupunguza ukali lakini baadae yanaweza kujiridua tena. Dawa za NSAID kama Diclofenac na paracetamol hutumika kutuliza maumivu huku matibabu mengine yakiendelea. Kwa baadhi ya hali zinazosababisha maumivu ya kichwa huitaji matibabu yanayoweza kuhusisha upasuaji.

Wakati mwingine maumivu ya kichwa yanaweza kutokana na msongo wa mawazo, uchovu wa mwili na mambo mengi ya maisha. kwa kuzingatia yafuatayo:

Kunywa maji mengi kila siku, zisipungue lita 2.5 au glasi 10 kwa siku moja. Itakusaidia kupunguza uchafu mwilini na ubongo upate damu ya kutosha.Kufanya mazoezi kila siku angalau kwa nusu saa. Huimarisha kinga ya mwili wako, mzunguko wa damu na ukakamavu.Kupata mlo wenye virutubisho vya kutosha.Pata muda wa kupumzika wa kutosha, angalau masaa 8 ya kulala wakati wa usiku.Pata muda wa kutulia na kutafakari kuhusu maisha yako, kupanga mipango yako na kutuliza nafsi yako.Pata muda wa kuwa na rafiki zako, ndugu na jamaa unaowapenda

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UGONJWA WA KIHARUSI: DALILI, SABABU NA VIPIMO

Kiharusi ni ugonjwa ambao huathiri ubongo na ufanyaji kazi wake. Hujulikana kama stroke au brain attack kwa Kiingereza. Unapopata kiharusi, seli za sehemu fulani za ubongo hushidwa kufanya kazi kutokana na damu kushindwa kufika kwenye seli hizo za ubongo. Kiharusi huweza kuathiri sehemu yoyote ya ubongo, na hivyo kuathiri ufanyaji wa shughuli za kila siku za mgonjwa.
Ugonjwa huu ni hatari na mara nyingi hujitokeza ghafla, ingawa wakati mwingine kuna dalili unazoweza kupata kuashiria ugonjwa huu. Dalili hutegemea na sehemu ya ubongo iliyoathirika. Sehemu kubwa ya ubongo ikiathirika huweza kusababisha mtu kushindwa kuongea, kujitambua na wengi hushindwa kurudi hali zao za kawaida.
Huu ni ugonjwa hatari ambao unaweza kusababisha mtu kupoteza maisha ghafla. Hivyo ni muhimu sana kuwahi hospitali kwa ajili ya matibabu. Pamoja na matibabu mazuri, kuna uwezekano mgonjwa akapata ulemavu wa maisha kutokana na kiharusi. Uwezekano wa kupata kiharusi huongezeka kadri umri unavyoenda.

Namna Kiharusi Kinavyotokea

Ili kufanya kazi zake, seli za kwenye ubongo hutegemea kupata virutubisho na oksijeni kutoka kwenye damu. Kukosa damu hata kwa dakika moja, huathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa uafanyaji kazi huu. Seli hizi zinaweza kufa kabisa kama zikikosa damu kwa dakika 5, na huwa haziwezi kutengeneza seli mpya.
Kwa hiyo pale inapotokea mshipa wa damu wa sehemu fulani ya ubongo umeziba au kupasuka, damu hushindwa kufika kwenye sehemu hiyo na hivyo seli zake zitashindwa kufanya kazi vizuri. Hali hii ikiendelea zaidi, seli hizo zitakufa kabisa. Kila sehemu ya ubongo huratibu kazi maalumu mwilini, mfano kuongea. Seli zinazoratibu kazi fulani zinapokufa, kazi hizo hushindwa kufanyika tena na hivyo dalili za kiharusi hujitokeza ikitegemea na sehemu ya ubongo iliyoathiirika.

Kuna aina mbili za kiharusi:

Kiharusi kutokana na mishipa ya damu kuziba kwenye ubongo (ischemic stroke)
kiharusi kutokana na mishipa ya damu kupasuka kwenye ubongo (hemorrhagic stroke)
Mishipa ya damu kuziba kwenye ubongo
(ischemic stroke) ni aina ya kiharusi kinachojitokeza zaidi kwa kiasi cha silimia 80, asilimia nyingine hutokana na mishipa ya damu kupasuka.

Dalili Za Kiharusi

Ugonjwa huu unaweza kujitokeza haraka na ghafla bila kutarajia. Na dalili hizi zinaweza kutokea kwenye sehemu yoyote ya mwili. Unapopata kiharusi unaweza kupata dalili zifuatazo:
Kushindwa kuongea au kuelewa. Unaweza kupatwa na hali ya kuchanganyikiwa, kushindwa kuongea ua kuelewa ghafla.
Kukosa nguvu au ganzi upande mmoja wa mwili. Ghafla tu unaweza kupatwa na hali ya kukosa nguvu, ganzi kwenye uso, mkono au mguu, hasa upande mmoja wa mwili. Mdomo kuelekea upande mmoja unapocheka, kushindwa kunyanyua mkono upande mmoja.
Kushindwa kuona vizuri. Hali ya kushindwa kuona vizuri inaweza kujitokeza ghafla. Inaweza kuwa kwa macho yote au jicho moja tu.
Kushindwa kutembea. Ghafla tu unaweza kushindwa kutembea kutokana na kupata kizunguzungu kikali, kukosa uwiano kwa ghafla.
Maumivu makali ya kichwa ghafla.
Dalili nyingine ambazo unaweza kupata ni kupoteza fahamu, degedege (convulsions) , kushindwa kula, kushindwa kuzuia choo.
Kiharusi ni ugonjwa unaohitaji matibabu haraka sana. Kadri mgonjwa anapozidi kuchelewa kupata mtibabu ndivyo seli za ubongo zinavyozidi kufa. Kufa kwa seli hizi kutasababisha ulemavu kwa mgonjwa.

Sababu Hatarishi Za Kiharusi Kutokea

Vitu au tabia zifuatazo huongeza hatari ya kiharusi kutokea kwako:
Shinikizo la Damu La Kupanda
Uvutaji sigara
Magonjwa ya moyo
Magonjwa kama Kisukari
Kiwangi kikubwa cha lehemu kwenye damu
Kutofanya mazoezi
Uzito mkubwa
Unywaji wa pombe kiholela
Vipimo
Unapopata tatizo hili unaweza kufanyiwa vipimo vifuatavyo ili kujua aina ya kiharusi ili upate matibabau sahihi.
Vipimo Vya Damu:
Complete Blood Count
Clotting factors
Kipimo cha CT Scan ya Ubongo
Kipimo cha MRI ya Ubongo

Kujikinga Na Kiharusi

Kujikinga usipate kiharusi ni kitu muhimu sana, kwani hauwezi kujua kikitokea kitakuathiri namna gani. Kuna tabia hatarishi nyingi ambazo unaweza kuziondoa ka kufanya mabadiliko fulani katika maisha yako kama tutakavyoona hapo chini.
Acha kuvuta sigara.
Shinikizo la damu la kupanda
(hypertension) . Fanya mazoezi, kula mlo kamili, dhibiti uzito,punguza chumvi na tumia dawa kudhibiti presha.
Kisukari.
Magonjwa ya moyo.
Fanya Mazoezi.
Dhibiti Uzito Wako.

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LEHEMU NA HATARI YA MAGONJWA YA MOYO NA MISHIPA YA DAMU

Lehemu hujulikana kama cholesterol kwa Kiingereza. Ni aina ya mafuta ambayo ni sehemu muhimu ya ufanyaji kazi wa mwili wa binadamu. Lehemu hubebwa kwenye damu na aina ya protini iitwayo lipoprotini. Kutokana na uzito wa protini hizi kuna Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) na
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) . Kati ya hizi HDL ni lehemu nzuri na LDL ni lehemu mbaya.

LEHEMU INAVYOATHIRI MWILI

Kiasi cha lehemu ya kwenye damu kinapoongezeka na kuwa juu, huongeza hatari ya magonjwa ya moyo kama shambulio la moyo, shinikizo la damu na magonjwa mengine kama kiharusi. Aina ya lehemu ambayo huathiri mwili vibaya ni LDL au Low Density Lipoprotein , hii inapoongezeka sana ndio huongeza hatari ya magonjwa haya.
Lehemu ya LDL inapoongezeka sana kwenye damu, hujikusanya ndani ya mishipa ya damu inayopeleka damu kwenye moyo na ubongo. Kadri inavyozidi kujikusanya ndipo inavyopunguza tundu la mishipa ya damu. Hali hii huitwa
atherosclerosis kwa kitaalamu. Inapotokea damu imeganda basi huziba sehemu ya mshipa lehemu ilipo jikusanya na hivyo shambulio la moyo au kiharusi hutokea.

NJIA ZA KUPUNGUZA LEHEMU MWILINI

Kudhibiti kiasi cha lehemu mwilini mwako ni sehemu muhimu sana ya kukabiliana na hatari ya kupata magonjwa ya moyo na mishipa ya damu. Unaweza ukazingatia yafuatayo kukusaidia kufanikisha hili.
Fanya mlo wako uwe na mboga za majani, matunda, nafaka zisizokobolewa, mafuta ya mimea na nyama nyeupe zisizo na mafuta.
Fanya mazoezi ya mwili. Pata angalau nusu saa kwa siku kukimbia, kuruka kamba, kuendesha baiskeli, kuogelea, kutembea haraka, kucheza au vingine unavyopenda kufanya ili mradi umuvike na utoe jasho!
Usivute Sigara

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DONDOO ZA LISHE WAKATI WA UJAUZITO

Unakula nini wakati wa ujauzito? Lishe wakati wa ujauzito ni muhimu kwa ajili ya afya yako na maendeleo mazuri ya mtoto anayekua tumboni. Zifuatazo ni dondoo za kukuwezesha uwe na lishe nzuri wakati wa ujauzito:

Jitahidi upate mlo kamili kila siku kwa kupata vyakula vya wanga, protini, mafuta, vitamini, madini na maji ya kutosha.
Fanya nusu ya mlo wako uwe ni mchanganyiko wa matunda na mboga za majani.
mjazito akipata mlo wenye mgoga za
mjazito akipata mlo wenye mgoga za majani
Tumia nafaka zisizokobolewa kama unga wa dona au mtama, mchele usiokobolewa, mikate ya brown au whole grain cereals.
Tumia maziwa yenye fafi kidogo( skimmed milk) au maziwa na vinywaji vya soya.
Chagua vyanzo vyako vya protini zaidi katika samaki, kuku, mayai, jamii ya maharage, soya na karanga.
Tumia zaidi mafuta ya mimea katika mapishi yako kama mafuta ya alizeti, pamba au mizeituni (Olive oil).
mafuta ya alizeti
mafuta ya alizeti
Punguza vyakula vyenye sukari za kuongeza (hasa artificial sugars) na mafuta kama biskuti, pipi, soft drinks, soda, pipi, ice creams, vyakula vya kukaanga na hot dogs.
Kunywa maji mengi, zisipungue lita 2.5 kwa siku.
Mazoezi mepesi kama kutembea kwa dakika 30 kwa siku.
Epuka matumizi ya pombe kwani yataathiri afya ya mtoto wako.
usinywe pombe.
Tumia virutubisho ziada (supplements) utakazopata kliniki.

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FAIDA ZA MATUNDA

FAIDA ZA TANGO
1. Kuzuia kisukari, kuboresha mfumo wa damu na kuondoa kolesteroli mwilini.
2. Chanzo kikubwa cha Vitamin B.
3. Kusaidia kutunza ngozi.
4. Kuongeza maji mwilini.
5. Kukata hangover.
6. Kuimarisha mmeng'enyo wa chakula mwilini.
7. Kuzuia saratani mwilini.
8. Kusaidia kupungua uzito.
9. Kuondoa maumivu na kuboresha viungo vya mwili.
10. Kuondoa harufu mbaya ya kinywa.

FAIDA ZA PAPAI
1. Kuua na kuondoa mazalia ya minyoo mwilini.
2. Kusaidia kutibu vidonda vya tumbo.
3. Kuboresha mmeng’enyo wa chakula.
4. Majani yake huleta ahueni kwa wagonjwa wa saratani.
5. Kupunguza uvimbe (anti-inflammatory).
6. Kuboresha misuli na neva mwilini.
7. Kusaidia kumeng’enya protini.
8. Kuboresha kinga ya mwili.
9. Kuboresha macho.
10. Kuboresha mfumo wa hewa.

FAIDA ZA UBUYU
1. Kuzuia uhalibifu na mikunjo ya ngozi.
2. Kusaidia katika kupunguza uzito wa mwili.
3. Kuimarisha moyo.
4. Kusafisha ini na kuondoa sumu.
5. Kiwango kikubwa cha vitamin C.
6. Chanzo cha madini ya Calcium.
7. Kuimarisha kinga ya mwili.
8. Kuimarisha figo.
9. Kuimarisha mifupa na meno.
10. Kuimarisha mfumo wa fahamu.

FAIDA ZA EMBE
1. Kupunguza kiwango cha asidi mwilini.
2. Kuboresha mmeng’enyo wa chakula.
3. Kurekebisha kiwango cha insulin.
4. Kuboresha macho.
5. Kusafisha damu.
6. Kuboresha ngozi.
7. Kuzuia saratani.
8. Kuimarisha kinga mwilini.
9. Kutibu joto kiharusi (heat stroke).
10. Kupunguza kiwango cha kolesteroli.

FAIDA ZA NANASI
1. Chanzo kikubwa cha vitamin A.
2. Kusaidia kumeng’enya chakula.
3. Inarekebisha mapigo ya moyo.
4. Kuimarisha mifupa ya mwili.
5. Ina kiwango kidogo cha kalori.
6. Inasaidia kuzuia mafua na homa.
7. Kuimarisha mfumo wa kinga.
8. Chanzo cha vitamin C.
9. Inapunguza uvimbe.
10. Kupunguza spidi ya kuzeeka kwa seli mwilini.

FAIDA ZA NJEGERE
1. Kuzuia saratani ya tumbo.
2. Kurekebisha kiwango cha sukari kwenye damu.
3. Chanzo kizuri cha protini.
4. Kuboresha ufanyaji kazi wa ini.
5. Ina kiwango kidogo cha kalori.
6. Kuboresha kinga ya mwili.
7. Inaleta nguvu mwilini.
8. Ina virutubisho vya nyuzi nyuzi.
9. Inazuia kuzeeka haraka.
10. Imejaa virutubishi vingi muhimu mwilini.

FAIDA ZA PILIPILI HOHO
1. Husaidia kupunguza uzito.
2. Kuboresha mzunguko wa damu.
3. Inapunguza kolesteroli mwilini
4. Kuzuia shinikizo la damu.
5. Ina kiwango kidogo cha kalori.
6. Nzuri kwa kuboresha macho.
7. Kuimarisha mfumo wa kinga.
8. Inatibu anemia.
9. Inazua saratani.
10. Kuboresha moyo.

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DONDOO ZA AFYA NJIA SITA ZA KUNYWA MAJI YA MOTO ZINAZOTIBU MWILI WAKO.

Kunywa kikombe kimoja cha maji ya moto kila asubuhi kinaweza kukutibu mwili wako kwa kusaidia umeng’enywaji wa chakula na kuzuia kuzeeka mapema kabla ya wakati.
Wengi wetu huianza asubuhi vyema kwa kikombe cha kawaha ya moto au chai ya moto kwa lengo la kuuchangamsha miili yetu baada ya kutoka kitandani.
Na pale tunapokunywa maji, basi wengi wetu hupendelea kunywa ya baridi, lakini kwa mujibu wa watalaam wa afya wanatuambia kua tunafanya makosa kufanya hivyo. (kunywa maji baridi)
Mara nyingi unywaji wa maji moto au uvuguvugu, hususani nyakati za asubuhi, inasaidia kuiponya miili yetu na kuitibu pia,
kwa kusaidia kuongeza nguvu katika mmeng’enyo wa chakula ma kupunguza taka mwilini, taka ambazo zinaweza kuzuia kinga zetu kua katika hali yake nzuri ya mfumo sahihi na ambao tunauhitaji.
“matabibu wanasema na kushauri kunywa maji moto ama uvuguvugu nyakati za asubuhi, kila siku, sambamba na mchanyanyo wa maji ya limao, au chai ambayo haina madhara kwa mwili”.
Utumiaji wa maji moto ama vuguvugu huongeza ukazwaji wa utumbo, ambapo husaidia uondoaji wa vitu visivyotakiwa.
Tofauti na maji moto, utumiaji wa maji ya baridi yenyewe huzuia vitu muhimu ikiwemo madini ambayo hua si rafiki kwa mazingira hayo katika mfumo wa umeng’enywaji unapokula chakula.
Kwa wanywaji wa maji ya baridi, inashauriwa kutangulia kunywa maji hayo ya baridi dakika 20 kabla ya kula hata kama maji hayo yanatoka katika vyanzo vya asili vya maji.
Wakati unywaji wa maji ya moto ama vuguvugu yanaweza yasiwe mazuri kwa ladha yanapokua mdomoni,
Hizi hapa zifuatazo ni sababu kwanini tunywe maji ya uvuguvugu;

1. Hurahisisha umeng’enywaji wa chakula.

Maji ya moto ama vuguvugu katika kikombe uamkapo asubuhi yanaweza kuusaidia mwili wako kutoa nje sumu katika mwili.
Maji na vimiminika vingine husaidia kuvunja vunja chakula katika tumbo na kuweka mfumo wa chakula kuwa katika hali nzuri ndani ya mwili. Maji moto au vuguvugu husaidia kuweza kuvunja vunja chakula hicho kwa uharaka zaidi, na hivyo umeng’enywaji wa chakula kua mwepesi na wa haraka.

2. Unywaji wa maji ya baridi wakati ama baada ya mlo.
Unywaji wa maji baridi wakati au baada ya mlo wako unaweza kusababisha kusaidia kugandishwa kwa mafuta ambayo unayapata kupitia chakula, na hivyo kusababisha mrundikano wa mafuta katika utumbo.
Uongezwaji wa barafu ili kutengeneza maji ya baridi hufanya kubadili mfumo halisi wa madini na virutubisho katika mwili ambavyo madini hayo ni muhimu katika kuuweka mfumo wa chakula katika hali ya afya, ambapo pia unaweza kufanya njia mbadala kwa kunywa chupa ya maji ya baridi sambamba na chupa ama glasi ya maji ya uvuguvu au moto ili kusaidia umeng’enywaji wa chakula, hususani baada ya kula chakula chako.

3. Husaidia kulainisha choo
Kwa pointi moja au nyingine, wengi wetu tunakabiliwa na vidonda hususani matatizo ya tumbo ambapo hua na choo kidogo au kukosa kabisa haja kubwa.
Vile vile ugumu wa haja uendapo msalani wakati wa kukitoa, husababisha kuchanika au kuchubuka katika sehemu ya kupitia haja kubwa,
Haya yote yanaletwa na ukosefu wa maji mwilini.
Unywaji wa maji moto au vuguvugu nyakati za asubuhi wakati tumbo likiwa halina kitu unaweza kusaidia utumbo mpana kusukuma uchafu/ kinyesi vizyri na kusaidia kuwa na choo laini {kinyesi chepesi} wakati wa uvunjwaji wa chakula na hata usafirishwaji wake hua mzuri kupita utumbo.
Hivyo uchangamshwaji wa utumbo na maji moto husaidia kuurudisha mwili katika ufanyaji wake mzuri na wakawaida wa kazi vyema.

3. Huondoa maumivu
Maji ya moto au vuguvugu, tukizingatia ni maji asilia ambayo wengi wetu katika majumba hutumia, husaidia kuondoa maumivu ya tumbo la hedhi kwa wakina mama na maumivu ya kichwa.
Umotomoto toka kwenye maji moto huweza kua na athari chanya katika misuli ya tumbo, ambapo huweza kusaidia kuondoa papo kwa papo makazo na misuli kujinyoosha.
Kwa mujibu wa Healthline, wanasema maji moto au vuguvugu ni mazuri kwa maumivu, ambapo kimiminika hicho cha moto huongeza mzunguko wa damu kwenye ngozi na kusaidia kushusha maumivu ya misuli.

4. Husaidia kupunguza uzito
Kama uko katika mlo wako, unywaji wa maji nyakati za asubuhi basi unaweza kukusaidia katika kupunguza uzito.
Maji moto ama uvuguvugu husaidia kuongeza joto la mwili, ambapo huongeza metabolic/ kiwango cha ufanisi wa kazi katika mwili.
Kadri kiwango cha ufanisi wa kazi katika mwili kinapoongezeka huuruhusu mwili kuchoma kalori nyingi katika mwili.
Hivyo husaidia figo na gastro intestinal kufanya kazi zake vizuri mwilini.
“madaktari wanashauri kua unywaji wa maji moto nyakati za asubuhi, kila siku, pamoja na limao ndani yake, au chai huondoa vitu hatari mwilini”.
Unywaji wa glasi kadhaa za maji moto au vuguvugu na limao ndani yake husaidia kuvunjavuja tisu za mafuta katika mwili na husaidia mmeng’enyo wa chakula.

5. Kuboresha mzunguko wa damu
Mrundikano wa mafuta katika mwili huondolewa wakati wa unywaji wa maji ya moto.
Hii husaidia kuondoa sumu ambazo hua zimezunguka katika miili yetu kwa kufanikisha mzunguko wa damu.

6. Hupunguza hatari ya kuzeeka mapema
Hii inaweza kuzuilika kwa kunywa maji moto ama vuguvugu, upatikanaji wa sumu katika mwili hupelekea kuzeeka mapema na kwa haraka, lakini maji moto ama vuguvugu YAnaweza kusaidia kusafisha mwili kwa kutoa sumu mwilini, hata hivyo pia kuirekebisha ngozi kwa kuoneza SelI mpya maeneo ya ngozi.
Medical Daily linasema kua “wanawake siku zote hunufaika kwa sababu wanakua na homoni nyingi zaidi ambazo huhusika na maji moto,”
Kuweza kua ama kuongeza uimara wa afya yako kupitia unywaji wa maji moto ama vuguvugu, kunywa kila siku asubuhi maji pekee au yaliyochanganywa na limao kwa kuyapa ladha.
Wanywaji wa maji vuguvugu au moto kwa, kadiri wanavyokunywa maji hayo wanaweza kua wanaangamiza tisu za mdomoni na hata maeneo ya koromeo.
Baada ya kuunguzwa na maji hayo ya moto,
Basi huna budi kuyaacha yapoe kidogo kabla ya kuanza kuyatumia kwa kuyanywa.
Vile vile inashauriwa “ kila mara umuone daktari kwa maelezo kabla ya kuanza kunywa maji hayo ya moto, kama utakua katika matumizi mengine ya dawa, ambazo zinaweza kuleta madhara katika ufanisi wa dawa husika.

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VYAKULA VINAVYOONDOA MAUMIVU WAKATI WA HEDHI KWA WANAWAKE.

KILA mwanamke hupitia hatua ya kupatwa na hedhi mara moja kwa mwezi, ikiwa ni maumbile ya kawaida waliyoumbwa nayo. Lakini wanawake wengi husumbuliwa na matatizo kadhaa siku chache kabla au wakati wa siku zao, matatizo hayo hutofautiana kati ya mtu na mtu kutegemeana na afya ya muhusika.

DALILI ZA MATATIZO YA HEDHI

Siku chache kabla ya hedhi, baadhi ya wanawake hupatwa na hofu na huwa wenye hasira. Husumbuliwa na mfadhaiko wa akili, huumwa na kichwa, matiti hujaa maziwa, hukosa usingizi na kuvimba sehemu za siri. Hali hii husababishwa na kukosekana kwa uwiano wa homoni (Homone imbalance) na hali hii huweza kukoma ndani ya saa 24 baada ya kuanza hedhi.

MAUMIVU MAKALI YA HEDHI

Wengine hupatwa na maumivu makali sana wakati wa hedhi. Maumivu hayo huwapata akina mama ama siku mbili ama tatu kabla au mara tu waanzapo siku zao. Hali hii pia inasababishwa na kutokuwepo kwa uwiano wa homoni mwilini, ambako kumesababishwa na ukosefu wa virutubisho fulani.
Wengine hutokwa na damu nyingi kuliko kawaida au kukaa katika siku za hedhi kwa kipindi kirefu kuliko kawaida. Kuna sababu nyingi zinazoweza kuchangia hali hii, ikiwemo kuugua kwa muda mrefu, kupatwa na hofu, huzuni, mshtuko na sababu nyingine za kitabibu.

JUISI YA MBOGA ZIFUATAZO HUTIBU

Kwa kutumia vyakula asilia unaweza kuepukana na maumivu ya mara kwa mara wakati wa siku zako. Katika orodha ndefu ya juisi za mboga zinazotibu kwa uhakika matatizo yote ya hedhi, ni Kotimiri (Parsley), mboga ya majani ambayo upatikanaji wake ni rahisi. Kwa mujibu wa watafiti, Kotimiri ina uwezo wa kurekebisha uwiano wa homoni hivyo kuondoa matatizo kadhaa ya hedhi.
Inaelezwa kuwa uwezo wa Kotimiri kurekebisha matatizo ya hedhi unatokana na kuwa na aina ya kirutubisho kiitwacho ‘Apiol’ ambacho pia kimo miongoni mwa homoni za jinsia ya kike (estrogen). Maumivu na mvurugiko wa siku hurejea katika hali ya kawaida kwa kunywa juisi ya Kotimiri mara kwa mara.
Aidha, juisi hiyo inapochanganywa na juisi ya viazi pori (Beet Root), karoti au matango huwa na nguvu zaidi. Kiwango kinachoshauriwa kuchanganya kiwe na ujazo sawa kwa kila aina ya juisi utakayochanganya. Juisi yenye mchanganyiko huo ni rahisi kutengeneza na ni dawa inayoweza kumsaidia mwanamke wakati wote wa maisha yake bila kuhitaji kutumia dawa zingine kali za kuzuia maumivu (pain killers) ambazo huwa na madhara baadaye.

TANGAWIZI

Tangawizi nayo ni dawa nzuri sana ya kutibu matatizo yatokanayo na hedhi, hasa katika tatizo la maumivu makali na kutokupata hedhi. Chukua kipande cha tangawizi mbichi, kiponde na kiweke kwenye kikombe cha maji ya moto kwa dakika chache, kisha tia sukari kiasi na unywe mchanganyiko huo, kwa siku mara mbili kila baada ya mlo.

UFUTA

Ufuta (Sesame) nao ni miongoni mwa mbegu za asili unazoweza kula na kutibu matatizo ya hedhi. Saga ufuta na pata unga wake kisha uchanganye na maji ya moto, kunywa mara mbili kwa siku. Kinywaji hiki huondoa maumivu wakati wa hedhi kwa wasichana wadogo.
Ukitumia mara kwa mara kinywaji hiki cha ufuta, hutibu pia tatizo la kupata hedhi kidogo. Pia unaweza kuchangaya maji ya kuoga ya uvuguvugu na mbegu za ufuta zilizopondwa pondwa kiasi cha kiganja kimoja, nayo hutoa nafuu kubwa kwa wanaosumbuliwa na maumivu, hasa ukitumia siku mbili kabla ya siku zako.

PAPAI

Mungu ametuumba na kutupa mazao mengi ambayo yana uwezo wa kutatua matatizo yetu ya kiafya, iwapo tutagundua siri hiyo. Papai bichi nalo linaelezwa na watafiti wetu kuwa lina uwezo wa kulainisha misuli ya njia ya uzazi hivyo kufanya utokaji wa hedhi kuwa mwepesi usio na maumivu. Papai huwa na manufaa zaidi kwa wasichana haswa kwa wale wenye tatizo la kutopata siku zao kutokana na kuwa na ‘stress’ au mawazo. Utapata faida hiyo kwa kula mara kwa mara tunda hilo bichi (ambalo halijaiva lakini limekomaa)

Source by global network's.

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Sababu ya kukoroma na jinsi ya kuzuia hali hiyo.

Sababu ya kukoroma na jinsi ya kuzuia hali hiyo
Kukoroma ni tatizo linalowapata watu wengi wakati wanapolala ambalo linaweza kuwatokea watu wa kila umri ingawa hutokea mara nyingi kwa wanaume au watu wanene. Kukoroma huzidi kwa kadri umri unavyoongezeka na asilimia 54 ya watu wazima hukoroma baadhi ya wakati huku asilimia 25 ya wengine wakiwa na tabia ya kukoroma kila wakati. Kukoroma baadhi ya wakati kwa kawaida sio tatizo kubwa na mara nyingi huleta tu karaha kwa mtu anayelala karibu na mkoromaji. Hata hivyo kukoroma huko sio tu kwamba huharibu usingizi wa anayekoroma bali pia huwasumbua na kuwakeresha wanaolala karibu na mkoromaji. Wale wenye tabia ya kukoroma, hukoroma kila wanapolala na mara nyingi huchoka wanapoamka, na watu wa aina hii hushauriwa kumuona daktari na kushauriwa kuhusiana na tatizo hilo. Lakini kabla hatujaendela mbele ni bora tujue kukoroma hasa ni nini au hutokea vipi?
Mtu huwa anakoroma pale kunapokuwa na kitu au sababu yoyote itakayoziba kuingia au kutoka kwa hewa mdomoni na katika pua. Kuta za koo hutikisika wakati wa kupumua na matokeo yake ni sauti inayosikika ya kukoroma. Kuingia au kutoka kwa hewa huweza kuzuiwa na sababu mbalimbali kama vile:
• Kuziba tundu za pua kusiko kamili ambako husababisha nguvu zaidi zitumike katika kupitisha hewa kwenye pua wakati mtu akiwa amelala. Kitendo hicho hupelekea nyama laini za pua na koo zijikusanye na kusababisha mkoromo. Kuna baadhi ya watu wanakoroma tu kipindi cha allergy (allergy season) au wanapatwa na matatizo ya sinus. Baadhi ya matatizo kama vile kupinda pua (deviated septum) au ukuta unaotenganisha tundu za pua na polyps za pua pia huweza kufanya pua zizibe na kusababisha kukoroma. Watu wengi wanaofanya operesheni za pua pia hupatwa na tatizo la kukoroma.
• Kuwa na misuli dhaifu katika koo na ulimi. Misuli au nyama za koo na ulimi zinapokuwa dhaifu sana hulegea na kuanguka upande wa nyuma wa sehemu inayopita hewa. Suala hilo hutokea pale mtu anapolala fofofo au kuwa na usingizi mzito na kusababisha kukoroma.
• Kuwa na misuli minene ya koo. Hii ni kwa wale watu wanene ambao hata nyama zao za koo pia hunenepa na kupanuka na suala hilo husababisha kukoroma, Pia watoto wenye tonsesi kubwa na adenoids baadhi ya wakati hukoroma.
• Kuwa na kilimi kikubwa ni mojawapo ya sababu zinazosababisha kukoroma. Kilimi kirefu kinaweza kuzuia koo na pale kinapotikisika wakati hewa inapita kwa msukumo husababisha kukoroma.
• Sababu nyinginezo zinazoweza kumsababishia mtu akorome anapolala ni kuwa na umri mkubwa au uzee, imeshuhudiwa kuwa watu wa makamo na wazee hukoroma, kwani misuli na nyama za koo huanza kuzeeka na kulegea kadri umri unayoongezeka. Vilevile wanaume wanakoroma zaidi kuliko wanawake hii ni kutokana na wanaume kuwa na njia nyembamba zaidi ya hewa kuliko wanawake. Kukoroma pia kunaweza kuwa ni tatizo la kurithi. Pombe, kuvuta sigara na matumizi ya baadhi ya dawa pia husababisha misuli ya koo ilegee na hivyo hupelekea mtu akorome. Kulala vibaya pia husababisha kukoroka kama vile kulala kichalichali, kwani hufanya nyama za koo zilegee na kuziba hewa.
Je, Dawa ya kukoroma ni nini?
Swali hilo limeuliwa sana na mimi katika kulijibu ningependa kusema kuwa, kujua sababu inayosababisha mtu akorome na kuitatua au kuiondoa sababu hiyo ndiko kunakotibu kukoroma. Sote tunajua adha inayotokana na kukoroma, na sauti hiyo inavyosumbua hasa iwapo anayekoroma ni mtu wako wa karibu kama vile mumeo, mwenzi wako au yoyote yule inayekubidi ulale naye karibu au katika kitanda kimojana hata chumba kimoja. Kukoroma pia huathiri usingizi wa mkoromaji kwani anayekoroka humbidi aamke mara kadhaa usingizini akijua au bila kujua kutokana njia zake za hewa kufunga kwa sekunde kadhaa ambapo usingizi pia hukatika. Wanaokoroma pia hushindwa kulala vizuri suala linalopelekea asubuhi wawe wamechoka na kutofanya majukumu yao vyema, na pia wale wanaolala nao karibu hupatwa na matatizo kama hayo. Vilevile tunapaswa kujua kuwa kukoroma kuna athari za kiafya za muda mrefu kwa mtu anayekoroma hivyo si jambo la kufanyia mzaha na ni tatizo ambalo linapaswa kushughulikiwa na kutatuliwa.
Wataalamu wanatuambia kuwa ili kujua kukoroma kwako kunasababishwa na nini ni bora ushirikiane na mwenzi wako au yoyote unayelala naye ili akuchunguze pale unapolala na kujua jinsi mwili wako unavyokuwa pale unapokoroma. Ni bora aandae orodha na kuchunguza yafuatayo:
1. Kufunga mdomo na kukoroma kunaonyesha kuwa kuna matatizo ya ulimi.
2. Kufungua mdomo na kukoroma kunaonyesha unaweza kuwa na tatizo katika misuli au nyama za koo.
3. Kukoroma unapolala kichalichali kunaonyesha kuwa pengine kwa kubadilisha namna unavyolala kukoroma nako kunaweza kwisha.
4. Kukoroma wakati unapolala kwa kila mlalo kunaonyesha kwamba tatizo lako ni kubwa na pengine kunahitajia tiba kubwa zaidi.
Iwapo umebadilisha namna unavyolala na haikusaidia, unashauriwa ujaribu yafuatayo:
 Punguza uzito
 Safisha njia yako ya hewa. Kuwa na pua iliyoziba hufanya kupumua kuwe kugumu na kusababisha kukoroma. Unaweza kufanya hivyo kwa kutumia dawa za kusaidia kupumua kwa urahisi (nasal decongestants) zinazopatikana kwa urahisi katika maduka ya dawa.
 Wacha kuvuta sigara.
 Lala mapema na pata usingizi wa kutosha kila mara huku ukijiepusha na kuchoka sana. Kunyanyua kichwa kwa nchi 4 huweza kupunguza kasi ya kupumua na kusaidia ulimi na taya kwenda mbele hali ambayo hupunguza kukoroma. Fanya hilo kwa tumia mito maalum ya kupunguza kukoroma au lala bila mto.
Wataalamu pia wanasema kwamba unaweza kupunguza kukoroma kwa kutokula baadhi ya vyakula au dawa kabla ya kulala ambavyo huongeza kukoroma. Vitu hivyo ni kama vile
o Kutokula mlo mkubwa kabla ya kulala.
o Kutokula vyakula vinavyotokana na maziwa au maziwa ya soya.
o Kutokunywa pombe kabla ya kulala.
o Kutotumia dawa aina ya antihistamines.
o Kutotumia vyakula au vinjwaji venye kafeini.
Vilevile wanaokoroma wanashauriwa kufanya mazoezi ya koo ambayo ni pamoja na kuimba, kusoma kwa kurudia rudia voweli (a,e,i,o,u) kwa nguvu kwa dakika tatu mara kadhaa kwa siku, kuweka ncha ya ulimi chini ya meno ya mbele na kurudisha ulimi nyuma kwa dakika 3 kila siku au huku mdomo ukiwa wazi pelekea taya yako upande wa kulia na wacha ibakie katika hali hiyo kwa sekunde 30. Huku mdomo ukiwa wazi, kaza misuli ya nyuma ya koo na rudia kitendo hicho kwa sekunde thelathini. Unaweza kutizama kwenye kioo na kuona jinsi kilimi kinavyokwenda juu na chini.
Iwapo kukoroma hakutoisha kwa kutumia njia hizo tofauti zilizoelezwa, usife moyo jaribu kumuona daktari na akupe ushauri wa kitiba kuhusiana na tatizo hilo. Madakatari wataalamu wa magonjwa ya pua, masikio na koo au ENT wanaweza kukusaidia zaidi kutatua tatizo hilo. Siku hizi kuna vifaa mbalimbali vinavyotumiwa mahospitalini ili kuondoa kukoroma kama vile kifaa kinachowekwa kwenye meno, CPAP, kidude kinachowekwa mdomoni au hata kufanyiwa operesheni ili kuondoa tatizo hilo.

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KUOTA UPALA/UWALAZA- FAHAMU CHANZO NA TIBA YAKE

Siku hizi ni jambo la kawaida sana kuona vijana wa umri wa miaka 20 hadi 35 wakiota Upara. Fanya uchunguzi mdogo tu huko mitaani utagundua vijana wadogo haswa wa kiume wanaota vipara mapema sana kuliko kawaida. Na wengi tunaamini kuwa Upara ni ishara ya busara ama kufanikiwa kimaisha. Leo katika makala hii utaweza kufahamu nini chanzo cha upara katika umri mdogo na ni nini tiba yake. ningependa kukuhakikishia mapema kuwa tiba ipo na haina gharama yoyote.
kikawaida kwa binadamu yeyote iwe mwanamke ama mwanaume huanza kupoteza nywele kichwani kwa kasi kuanzia miaka ya 50 na kuendelea kutoka na kuchoka kwa mwili. Ni swala linalokasirisha sana kwa kijana mdogo kuota upara angali bado unazihitaji nywele.
Haikubaliki
Upara ukuingiapo huanza taratibu taratibu, mwanzoni huwezi kugundua kuwa ni upara unaokunyemelea, utahisi ni matatizo madogo madogo tu ya nywele. kwa mtu ambaye hana kawaida ya kuchunguza nywele zake kwa ukaribu itaweza kuchukua miaka 2 au zaidi kugundua tatizo.
Inafka wakati nywele zinakuwa zimepukutika kwa kiasi kikubwa sana ndipo untambua kwamba hiki ni kipara. inakela sana na usiombe uwe na kichwa chenye umbo baya, uzuri wa sura wote hutoweka na utatamani hata uvae vigi ama ushonee wiving. Ukifikia pointi hii ndipo utapogundua kuwa nywele ni muhimu sana na ni urembo tosha wa binadamu.
Kwa mtu ambaye hajapatwa na hili tatizo hawezi kuona uzito wa hili swala, nina imani vipara vinawakela wengi sana. Na ni vijana wachache sana walio huru na vipara vyao, nao ni wale tu wenye vichwa vyenye umbo zuri ama ni wale wasiojari muonekano wao. Kundi lililobaki wote wanatamani miujiza itendeke vichwa vyao viweze kuotesha nywele tena..
Nadhani leo ni nafasi nzuri kwako kufahamu ni nini chanzo cha vipara kwa vijana wenye umli mdogo na namna ya kutibu. zipo sababu nyingi sana. na kwa kijana yeyote iliye na upara atakuwa amekumbwa na sababu moja wapo ama mbili kati ya hizi nitakazo kueleza
CHANZO/SABABU ZA KUOTA UPALA KATIKA UMRI MDOGO
Lishe duni,
Nafasi kubwa ya nywele imajengwa kwa protini, pia kuna virutubisho vingine vingi vinavyosaidia uzalishaji wa nywele, kama madini ya zinki, chuma, potasiamu, vitamin E, B, C na hewa ya oksigeni. virutubisho hivi tunavipata kutokana na vyakula tunavyokula kila siku. baada ya kuliwa, virutubisho hivi husambazwa kwenye ngozi ya fuvu la kichwa (Scarp) kwa njia ya damu. Mtu yeyote akikosa virutubisho hivi kwa kiwango kinachotakiwa lazima atapatwa tatizo la kupukutika kwa nywele.
Tambua kuwa madawa na mafuta mengi ya nywele tunayoyatumia hutengenezwa kwa tutumia vyakula vyenye virutubisho hivi, hakuna uchawi mwingine. Katika Makala ijayo nitakueleza kwa undani zaidi ni vyakula gani unavyopaswa kula ili uweze kuwa na nywele nzuri, wala hakuna haja ya kuhangaika na madawa.

Msongo wa Mawazo. (Stress),

Msongo wa mawazo ni chanzo king I one kikubwa sana cha tatizo la nywele na ndicho haswa kinachowakumba vijana wengi wa sasa na kuwasababishia vipara katika umri mdogo. Kitaaramu imegundulika kuwa msongo wa mawazo unaathiri mzunguko wa damu kwenye ngozi ya vuvu la kichwa hivo damu hushidwa kufikisha virutubisho na hewa ya kutosha kwa ajiri ya uzalishaji wa nywele.
Kikawaida binadamu anapokuwa anawaza sana misuli iliyozunguka fuvu la kichwa kusinyaa na kukunjamana kitu ambacho husababisha ngozi na mishipa midogo midoho ya damu kusinyaa na kukunjamana pia hivyo damu inashidwa kupenya na kusambaa kwa urahisi katika maeneo yote ya ngozi ya kichwa kitu kinachopelekea upungufu wa virutubisho na hewa kwa ajili ya ukuaji wa nywele na hatimaye nywele huanza kudhoofika. baadhi ya wasomi na watu wanaopigana sana na ugumu wa maisha hupata vipara kwa njia hii.
Matatizo katika mfumo wa homoni,

Homoni zinahusika sana na kukuaji wa nywele. Upugnufu ama madiliko katika homoni husababisha kudhoofu kwa nywele, kuna sababu nyingi zinazoathiri mfumo wa homoni, mfano Magonjwa, Ujauzito, mwili kukosa hewa ya oksigeni yakutosha pamoja na uvutaji wa sigara.
Kurithi toka kwa wazazi,
Pia inaaminika bainadamu anaweza kurithi tatizo la upara kutoka kwa kizazi chake kilichotangulia. Lakini hapa huwa najiuliza sana sabubu kuna baadhi ya watu wamepata vipara wakati kwenye ukoo wao hakujatokea mtu mwenye upara.
Baada ya kufahamu chanzo cha upara, Sasa unahitaji kufahamu namna ya kutibu tatizo.
Najua niechukua muda wako mwingi sana kuipitia makala hii lakini naamini umejifunza kitu. Katika makala nitakayokuandalia kesho ilazungumzia kiundani namna ya kutatua tatizo la upara.kwa leo inatosha najua utachoka kusoma. Nakuhakikishia kuwa kutibu upara inawezekana tena kwa kutumia vyakula na dawa zetu za asili ambazo naamini zinapatikana katika kila nyumba hapa kwetu Tanzania. Nitakueleza namna ya kutengeneza dawa hizi. Zimewasaidia wengi ingawa bado hazijafahamika sana.

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Hair loss treatment

    Hair grows, lives and falls out and is the natural order of things. In most cases especially male pattern baldness it is a normal physiological process, but for those who struggle to come to terms with it and for others where their hair loss is significant, then there are a few treatments and techniques which may help.

    

Prevention and treatments 

• Tips on how to prevent baldness and to improve your hairs health:
  • Enjoy a diet rich with eggs, fish, green vegetables, trace elements, zinc and amino-acids;
  • Massage your scalp with essential oils to activate micro-circulation;
  • Avoid violent brushing, blow-drying, hair colouring/dyes and styling products.
• Some treatments are simple and accessible.
  • Shampoos and serums that fight hair loss can help whilst using them, but the effects will wear off after stopping them.
  • Food supplements rich in vegetable gelatin and vitamins;
  • For pathological hair loss, a medication can be prescribed by your GP or dermatologist, but some are not available on the NHS.

Hair Transplants

Under local anaesthetic, hairs are taken from the back and sides of the head and transplanted to the bald areas. This is performed as tiny punch biopsies as follicular units containing 1 -4 follicles are transplanted. This is not usually available on the NHS and is performed by specialist in hair transplantation.

Reduction of bald patches is an alternative or used alongside hair transplantation. It consists in withdrawing the smooth part of the bald patch and bringing it closer to the hairy zones.

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FIGO: MATATIZO YAKE, TISHIO KWA MAISHA YA WATANZANIA

Front view of Urinary Tract

Kidney

Hapa duniani kuna maradhi aina nyingi yanayotisha, yakisumbua binadamu, kuwatia ulemavu hata kuwa chanzo cha uchumi kutetereka, wakati mwingine kusababisha kifo. Miongoni mwa maradhi hayo ni kuharibika kwa figo.

Ugonjwa huo unaelezewa kwamba siyo tu unaleta maumivu kwa mgonjwa, bali pia hautibiki kirahisi pamoja na gharama za matibabu husika kuwa kubwa na wengi kushindwa kuzimudu.

Wataalamu wa afya wanasema kuwa, zipo sababu kadhaa zinazosababisha maradhi katika figo kwa binadamu ikiwamo matumizi mabaya ya dawa hasa za maumivu, dawa za kienyeji, baadhi ya dawa za Kichina, uvutaji wa sigara na unywaji wa pombe kupita kiasi.

Onesmo Kisanga, Daktari Bingwa wa Figo kutoka Hospitali ya Taifa Muhimbili(MNH), Kitengo kinachoshughulika na tiba ya usafishaji wa figo na damu(Renal Dialysis Unity) anasema kuwa tiba ya usafishaji wa figo kwa kitaalamu (Dialysis), uhusika na utoaji wa maji yaliyojaa mwilini, uchafu, pia sumu zitokanazo na vyakula au dawa. Dk Kisanga anasema kuwa tiba ya 'Dialysis' ni ya gharama kubwa kwa kuwa kila mgonjwa anapohitaji kuipata, hutakiwa kutoa kiasi Sh300, 000, huku akitakiwa kuipata tiba hiyo angalau mara tatu kwa wiki ambapo hugharimu Sh900,000.

"Hii huduma inafanyika hapa (MNH) katika Kitengo cha Renal Dialysis Unity, na mgonjwa anatakiwa kuipata tiba hiyo maisha yake yote,"anasema Dk Kisanga.

Anafafanua kuwa Dialysis ni mchakato wa kutoa maji yasiyohitaji kutoka kwenye damu ya mtu. Mchakato huo hufanyika baada ya figo kushindwa kufanya kazi na taka hizo kuingia kwenye mfumo wa damu. Kwa kawaida figo hufanya kazi ya kuchuja uchafu katika mwili, lakini baadhi ya watu huathirika na figo zao kushindwa kufanya kazi ya kuchuja uchafu huo kutokana na sababu mbalimbali zilizoainisha awali.

Kwa mujibu wa Dk Kisanga, usafishaji wa figo hufanywa kwa wagonjwa ambao figo zao zimeathirika kwa kiasi kikubwa na maradhi au hata kwa dharura.

Anafafanua kuwa mgonjwa hutundikiwa mipira maalumu, huku kwenye mashine kukiwa na figo ya bandia ambayo kazi yake ni kupitisha damu, kuisafisha na kuirudishwa mwilini.

Anaelezea kuwa kwenye mashine maalumu kunakuwa na mipira kadhaa ikiwamo ya kupitishia damu kupeleka kwenye figo bandia, inayofanya kazi kama ya mwilini na mirija mingine ambayo ni mikubwa kiasi inatumika kutoa maji yasiyohitajika mwilini na sumu, huku mingine ikitumika kurudisha damu safi mwilini.

"Mgonjwa hulala akifanyiwa tiba hii kwa saa nne, bila kuchomwa sindano ya usingizi, kwa kuwa haina maumivu makali. Vilevile mgonjwa hutobolewa eneo maalumu mwilini kwa ajili ya kupitishia mipira. Kuna wanaotobolewa shingoni au mkononi kulingana na anavyotaka mgonjwa," anasema Dk Kisanga.

Anaongeza kuwa pamoja na tiba hiyo kuwa ghali, bado haina uhakika wa kupunguza tatizo kwa asilimia 100, bali kwa asilimia 40 hadi 50 pekee.
Mtaalamu huyo wa afya anaitaja tiba nyingine kuwa ni ya kupandikiza figo, (kidney transplant) ambayo kwa sasa haifanyiki nchini. Hata hivyo ili kufanyiwa upandikizaji huo nje ya nchi, mgonjwa anahitaji zaidi ya Sh20 milioni.

"Tiba hii hufanywa hasa kwa mgonjwa ambaye figo yake imekufa na haiwezi kufanywa tena nchini," anasema Dk Kisanga.

Madhara ya tiba hizo

Hata hivyo, Dk Kisanga anasema kuwa tiba ya figo ina madhara kiafya hasa kwa walio kwenye hatua ya tano ya tiba hiyo. Madhara hayo ni pamoja na maradhi ya moyo, miguu kukaza na maumivu ya kifua.

Kazi kuu za figo mwilini

Dk Kisanga anaeleza kuwa figo ni miongoni mwa viungo muhimu katika mfumo wa utendaji kazi wa mwili wa binadamu.

Anasema kuwa kwa kawaida, mwili wa binadamu una figo mbili zenye maumbo yanayofanana, yakiwa yamejificha nje ya utando unaozunguka tumbo, chini kidogo ya mbavu.

Anazitaja kazi kuu za figo kuwa ni kuchuja vitu mbalimbali pamoja na sumu katika damu, kusaidia kuhifadhi,kudhibiti kiwango cha maji na madini (electrolytes) mwilini.

Figo huchuja vitu hivyo pamoja na maji yaliyo mwilini na kutengeneza mkojo, huchuja pia maji yasiyohitajika mwilini huku yakinyonya madini na kemikali muhimu kuzirudisha katika mzunguko wa damu na kutoa nje uchafu usiohitajika.

Anaendelea kuwa kazi nyingine za figo ni pamoja na kusaidia kutengeneza kiasili cha erythropoletin ambacho ni muhimu katika utengenezaji wa chembechembe nyekundu za damu, hupokea asilimia 25 ya damu na kila figo ina chembechembe hai ndogo milioni moja, pia kusaidia kudhibiti na kurekebisha shinikizo la damu mwilini (blood pressure).

Aina za ugonjwa wa figo

Dk Kisanga, anazitaja aina za ugonjwa huu kuwa ni mbili; ya kwanza ni ile ya figo kushindwa kufanya kazi kwa ghafla na muda mfupi; pili ni ile ya figo kushindwa kufanya kazi polepole na kwa muda mrefu.
Figo kushindwa kufanya kazi polepole na kwa muda mrefu.

Daktari huyo anasema kwa aina hii ya ugonjwa, figo huharibiwa taratibu na kuendelea kupunguza uwezo wake wa kufanya kazi kadiri siku zinavyokwenda.

Dalili za aina hii ya ugonjwa huchelewa kujitokeza na wakati mwingine mwenye tatizo hajisikii dalili yeyote, hadi pale inapotokea akaugua ugonjwa mwingine na daktari kuhisi tatizo, ndipo hugundulika kuwa na ugonjwa huo baada ya vipimo.

Sababu za figo kushindwa kufanya kazi ghafla

Dk Kisanga anaitaja sababu kubwa ni kupungua kwa mzunguko wa damu kwenye figo, kemikali za mwilini au kushambuliwa na sumu.

"Kushuka kiwango cha mzunguko wa damu humpata mtu ambaye anatapika sana na hanywi maji ya kutosha, anayeharisha sana na hanywi maji ya kutosha na wale ambao hupoteza damu nyingi kama vile kwenye ajali," anasema Dk Kisanga.

Dk Kisanga anazitaja sababu nyingine kuwa ni pamoja na ugonjwa wa moyo, moyo kushindwa kusukuma damu kwa ghafla, au waliougua maradhi ya moyo kwa muda mrefu.

Kisanga anazitaja kemikali kuwa ni pamoja na zinazotokana na kutumia dawa iliyo na mzio kwa mtumiaji, dawa zinazosababisha mkojo utoke kwa wingi, dawa za kienyeji na baadhi ya dawa za malaria.

"Tatizo la figo kushindwa kufanya kazi kwa ghafla pia humpata mtu ambaye ana bakteria kwenye mzunguko wa damu, ambao wanaweza kusababisha homa 'Septicemia' na kuugua malaria," anasema Dk Kisanga.

Anazitaja sababu zinazofanya figo ishindwe kufanya kazi taratibu na kwa muda mrefu na hatimaye kushindwa kabisa kuwa ni presha kuwa juu, kisukari, magonjwa yanayosababishwa na bakteria, HIV, saratani na sumu mbalimbali zinazoingia mwilini.

Dalili za figo kushindwa kufanya kazi vizuri

Dk Kisanga anasema kuwa dalili ya kwanza ni kupungua kwa kiasi cha mkojo, kushindwa kupumua, kusikia kichefuchefu, kutapika na kuvimba miguu.

Nyingine ni maji kujaa mwilini, madini ya mwili kuwa juu hasa ya 'potashiamu', asidi nyingi, matatizo katika moyo, ubongo, kukosa hamu ya kula na kudhoofika mwili.

Anazitaja dalili nyingine kwa wagonjwa ambao hawagunduliki mapema ni kuvimba macho wakati wa asubuhi na uvimbe kupungua baadaye.

Nyingine ni kuvimba miguu asubuhi, kupungukiwa damu mwilini kama dalili za kwanza (kwani figo ikishindwa kufanya kazi ya kusaidia kutengeneza damu).

Ushauri

Dk Kisanga anasema kuwa wakati tukielekea Siku ya Figo Duniani ambayo hufanyika tarehe 13 Machi ya kila mwaka, ni vyema jamii ikaelewa kuwa figo ni ogani inayohitahi utunzaji wa hali ya juu.

Chanzo: Mwananchi Newspaper

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Anger and Stress

        Anger is a natural, though sometimes unwanted or irrational, emotion that everybody experiences from time to time.  Anger experts describe the emotion as a primary, natural emotion which has evolved as a way of surviving and protecting yourself from what is considered a wrong-doing.

         Mild anger may be brought on by feeling tired, stressed or irritated, in fact we are more likely to feel irritated if our basic human needs (food, shelter, sex, sleep, etc.) are not met or are jeopardised in some way. We may become angry when reacting to frustration, criticism or a threat and this is not necessarily a bad or inappropriate reaction.

We can also feel irritated by other people’s beliefs, opinions and actions and hence anger can affect our ability to communicate effectively - making us more likely to say or do unreasonable or irrational things.  Being unreasonable or irrational can lead others around us to feel threatened, resentful or angry themselves and, again, these can all be barriers to effective communication.

A man with angry

Couple get crush

 Anger can also be a ‘secondary emotion’ to feeling sad, frightened, threatened or lonely.

It is useful to try to understand why you (or somebody else) is feeling angry at any given time so that the root causes can be addressed and problems solved.

Anger, however, is not just a state-of-mind. Anger can trigger physical changes including an increased heart rate, blood pressure and levels of hormones such as adrenaline preparing us physically for ‘fight or flight’.  Due to these physical effects long-term anger can be detrimental to health and wellbeing.

 

How Anger is Expressed

Anger can be expressed in many ways; different types of anger affect people differently and can manifest to produce different actions and signs of anger.  The most common signs of anger are both verbal and non-verbal. 

It can be clear that somebody is angry from what they say or how they say it, or from their tone of voice.  Anger can also be expressed through body language and other non-verbal cues: trying to look physically bigger (and therefore more intimidating), staring, frowning and clenching of fists.  Some people are very good at internalising their anger and it may be difficult to notice any physical signs.  It is, however, unusual for an actual physical attack to transpire without ‘warning’ signs appearing first.

What Makes People Angry?

At a basic instinctual level anger may be used as a way to help protect territory or family members, secure or protect mating privileges, protect against loss of food or other possessions, or as a response to other perceived threats.

Other reasons can be very diverse - sometimes rational and sometimes irrational. Irrational anger may mean that you have a problem with managing anger or even accepting that you are angry

Some common triggers to anger include:

• Grief and/or sadness, loss of a family member, friend or other loved one.
• Rudeness, poor interpersonal skills and/or poor service. (See Interpersonal Skills and Customer Service Skills)
• Tiredness, since people may have shorter tempers and be more irritable when tired.
• Hunger.
• Injustice: for example infidelity, being bullied, humiliated or embarrassed, or being told that you, or a loved one, has a serious illness.
• Sexual frustration.
• Money problems and the stress associated with debt.
• Some forms of stress, unrealistic deadlines and things beyond our immediate control such as being stuck in traffic. (See: What is Stress? and Avoiding Stress)
• A feeling of failure or disappointment.
• Becoming angry as a result of taking drugs or alcohol, or when withdrawing from such substances.
• Having a crime committed against you or a loved one: theft, violence, sexual offences but also more minor things such as a feeling of being treated inappropriately.
• Being either physical or mentally unwell, being in pain or living with a serious illness can lead to feeling angry. 

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Can Anger Make You Ill?

When we are angry, our bodies release the hormones adrenaline and cortisol, the same hormones released when we encounter stress.

As a result of these releases in hormones our blood pressure, pulse, body temperature and breathing rate may increase, sometimes to potentially dangerous levels. This natural chemical reaction is designed to give us an instant boost of energy and power and is often referred to as the 'fight or flight' reaction. This means that the body and mind prepare for a fight or for running away from danger.

However, people who get angry often cannot manage their anger effectively and can become ill, just as stress that is left unresolved may make you ill. Our bodies are not designed to withstand high levels of adrenaline and cortisol over long periods or on a very regular basis.

Some of the health problems that may occur as a result of being angry regularly or for long periods of time can include:

• Aches and pains, usually in the back and head.
• High blood pressure, which can, in severe cases, lead to serious complaints such as stroke or cardiac arrest.
• Sleep problems. (See: The Importance of Sleep)
• Problems with digestion.
• Skin disorders.
• Reduced threshold for pain.
• Impaired immune system.

Anger can also lead to psychological problems such as:

• Depression.
• Reduced self confidence. (See: Improving Confidence and What is Self-Esteem)
• Eating disorders.
• Alcoholism.
• Substance abuse.
• Self-injury.

It should be clear, therefore, that, anger can be detrimental to health. If anger is (or becomes) a problem should be managed.

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Urinary Tract Infections

Lifestyle changes help prevent urinary tract infections

Urinary tract infections, or UTIs, affect both women and men and are the second-most common type of infection. Bacteria entering the urethra is the most common cause. Normally, bacteria in the urinary tract are quickly flushed out, but sometimes they overcome the body’s defenses and cause infection. UTIs are painful, especially if you are traveling with an untreated infection.

A UTI can happen anywhere in the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. A bladder infection is called cystitis. Polynephritis is an infection of one or both kidneys. An infection of the tube that empties urine from the bladder to the outside is called urethritis. Prostatitis is an infection of the prostate gland in men.

Women tend to contract more UTIs because their urethra is shorter and closer to the anus than in men; they are more likely to get an infection after sexual activity or when using a diaphragm or spermicide for birth control. Menopause increases the risk of a UTI due to a decrease in estrogen.

Certain conditions increase the risk of UTIs: diabetes, advanced age, adults with Alzheimer’s disease or delirium, and individuals with problems emptying their bladder completely. Other risks include having a urinary catheter, bowel incontinence, an enlarged prostate, a narrowed urethra or anything that blocks the flow of urine, such as kidney stones. Remaining immobile for a long period of time, pregnancy and surgery or procedures involving the urinary tract also place you at risk.

Contact your health care provider if you experience pain or burning when you urinate, fever, tiredness or shakiness, an urge to urinate often, pressure in your lower belly, urine that smells bad or looks cloudy or reddish, nausea or back pain. Your doctor will examine you to determine whether you have a mild bladder or kidney infection or a more serious infection.

Most of the time, your doctor or nurse can diagnose an infection by analyzing a urine sample for white blood cells, red blood cells and bacteria. A urine culture can then identify the bacteria so that the correct antibiotic is ordered. Blood work can also look for infection. Your doctor will want to know whether you could be pregnant.

Antibiotics taken by mouth are usually recommended because there is a risk that the infection can spread to the kidneys. For a simple bladder infection, you will take antibiotics for three to seven days (women) or seven to 14 days (men). The urine culture may require a change in the antibiotic to one that the bacteria are not resistant to.

Finish all of the antibiotics, even if you feel better. Otherwise, the infection could return and be harder to treat. Commonly used antibiotics include Bactrim, Amoxicillin, Nitofurantoin, Ampicillin, Cipro and Levaquin. A medication such as Pyridium can relieve the burning and urgency. Contact your provider after completing the antibiotics to make sure the infection is gone. If it does not improve or you have problems with your treatment, call your provider.

If you have a UTI, drink plenty of fluids to keep the urine clear or pale yellow. Avoid caffeine, tea, carbonated beverages and alcohol; they tend to irritate the bladder. Only take over-the-counter pain medicines as directed by your provider. Some women have recurrent bladder infections. Your doctor may suggest consulting a urologist to rule out problems with your urinary tract system that may lead to recurrent UTIs or make a UTI harder to treat. If you are prone to recurrent UTIs and you are about to travel, talk to your doctor about having an antibiotic with you in case you develop symptoms.

Possible UTI complications include sepsis, a life-threatening blood infection. This risk is greater among the young, the very old and those whose bodies cannot fight infections or who have kidney damage or scarring or kidney infection.

Treatment for a UTI is directed at the underlying cause when possible. If no source of infection is found, lifestyle modifications, plus vaginal estrogen replacement for some women, are all you may need. Cranberry juice or cranberry tablets may prevent UTIs, though the research is not definitive.

A urinary tract infection is uncomfortable, but treatment is usually successful. Symptoms of a bladder infection usually disappear within 24 to 48 hours after treatment begins. For kidney infections, it may take a week or more. Sometimes a procedure or surgery is needed to repair blockage of the flow of urine. If you have repeated UTIs, you may need a low-dose antibiotic for several months.

Reduce Your Risk

• Drink plenty of water (two to four quarts daily).
• Urinate frequently. Avoid holding urine for long periods.
• Wipe from front to back after urination or a bowel movement.
• Use toilet tissue only once.
• Take showers rather than baths; avoid bath oils.
• Gently wash the skin around your vagina and anus daily with mild soap and water.
• Empty your bladder before and after intercourse.
• Clean your genital and anal areas before and after intercourse.
• Use condoms to help prevent UTIs caused by sexually transmitted bacteria.
• Women should use sanitary pads instead of tampons; change them with each bathroom use.
• Do not douche or use deodorant sprays or scented feminine products in the genital area.
• Avoid tight-fitting pants.
• Wear cotton underwear and pantyhose and change both at least once a day.

The content of this article is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

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Risk on the Road

Dehydration and heat stroke are cause for concern amongst frequent travelers

The dangers presented by hot weather are often overlooked, but last summer, an unusually long and extreme heat wave throughout Europe resulted in thousands of deaths. Travelers need to be aware of the risk of heat-related emergencies. Dehydration in particular is a common travel hazard.

Dehydration occurs when the body loses the water and essential body salts (electrolytes) needed to maintain normal function. Side effects include lack of energy, muscle cramps and back pain. If left untreated, dehydration can lead to exhaustion and heat stroke, which can be fatal.

Most Americans do not drink enough water, and many of us are mildly dehydrated without even knowing it. While the main causes of dehydration include overexposure to the sun and high temperatures, dehydration also strikes people who fly long distances because the air in pressurized airplane cabins is actually drier than the air at most of the world’s deserts. On long-distance flights at high altitudes, the humidity can fall well below 10 percent. Symptoms of in-flight dehydration include thirst, scratchy and/or reddened eyes, dry, itchy skin, constipation and nosebleeds.

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There’s no way to avoid some degree of dehydration during long flights, but you can minimize the problem by taking the following steps:

1. Drink plenty of water prior to departure. 
2. Carry your own bottle of water to drink throughout the flight. 
3. Try to drink a glass of water every hour that you are in the air. 
4. Do not drink coffee or alcohol, which deplete body fluids. 
5. Use a water spritzer to spray your face periodically. 
6. Continue to drink plenty of water after landing.

Heat emergencies fall into three categories of increasing severity: heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Left untreated, heat cramps (caused by loss of salt from heavy sweating) can lead to heat exhaustion (caused by dehydration), which can progress to heat stroke. Heat stroke can cause shock, brain damage, organ failure and death. Common causes of heat-related emergencies include high temperature and humidity, dehydration, prolonged or excessive exercise, excess clothing, alcohol use and certain medications, such as diuretics. Travelers with cardiovascular disease and sweat gland dysfunction can also be prone to heat emergencies.

Early symptoms of heat-related illness include profuse sweating, fatigue, thirst and muscle cramps. As the condition progresses toward heat exhaustion, symptoms include headache, dizziness, weakness and lightheadedness, nausea and vomiting, cool dark skin and dark urine. When heat stroke occurs, symptoms include fever, with a body temperature above 104 degrees, irrational behavior, extreme confusion, dry and hot red skin, rapid shallow breathing and rapid pulse leading to seizures and unconsciousness.

These symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. While waiting for medical personnel to arrive, cool the victim rapidly with whatever is close at hand, be it shade, cold water from a hose, a fan, ice cubes or air conditioning. You should also give fluids to a conscious victim, and turn a vomiting victim on his or her side to avoid aspiration.

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Tips for preventing heat-related illness, some of which were covered under dehydration, include:

1. Drink plenty of fluids. 
2. Avoid alcoholic and caffeinated beverages.
3. Remain in an air-conditioned environment.
4. Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
5. Limit outdoor activity to morning and evening hours.
6. Limit exercise and/or drink sports beverages to replace salt and minerals lost by sweating.
7. Wear a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses and sunscreen with an spf of 15 or higher.

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